PDF

DOI 10.37749/2308-9636-2020-7(211)-1

Nelin O. I. Human and civil rights as a determiner of national state-building

At the present stage of their development the Ukrainian society and the state are characterized by their pursuit to provide maximum realization of human and civil rights and to create a full-scale civil society. Obviously, in this context, a significant attention is paid to the human rights in Ukraine, however there is insufficient research systematically conceptualizing the human rights employing philosophical and legal instruments and methodology.

The author highlights that particular attention in the mechanism of organizational and legal remedies is paid to judicial and extrajudicial protection of human and civil rights. In accordance with the Article 55 of the Constitution of Ukraine the judicial protection of human and civil rights is maintained through the system of general jurisdiction courts of Ukraine. The state ensures the right of every person to appeal in court against any decisions, actions or inactivity of the state bodies, local self-government bodies and government officials that violate human and civil rights. In case of exhausting all remedies of his/her rights and liberties protection in national courts the person can appeal to the international courts, e.g. to the European Court of Human Rights. At present, Ukraine holds the third position in the number of its citizens’ appeals to this distinguished international legal institution.

Every person is able to appeal to the extrajudicial institutions authorized to protect the constitutional human and civil rights and liberties. In Ukraine there is a special body for this purpose the Ukrainian Parliament Commissioner for Human Rights, whose activities are determined by the Law of Ukraine «On the Ukrainian Parliament Commissioner for Human Rights» of 23 December, 1997. In case when all extrajudicial remedies of human rights protection are exhausted, a person has the right, guaranteed by the Constitution of Ukraine, to appeal to the international human rights organizations (Art. 55).

In terms of the current theory and practice of guaranteeing the constitutional human and civil rights, together with the national regulatory, organizational and legal guarantees, it is worth to distinguish the international guarantees of the constitutional human and civil rights and liberties in Ukraine. The special international legal guarantees of the human and civil rights and liberties are usually divided into regulatory and institutional ones.

Key words: human and civil rights and liberties, constitutional state, national legal doctrine, international law, imitation of human rights, constitutional and legal mechanism for ensuring human rights and liberties.

 

References

  1. Sokurenko V. Prava lyudyny yak fundamentalna tsinnist // Natsionalni ta mizhnarodni mekhanismy zakhystu prav lyudyny: Abstract. All-Ukrainian round table (Kharkiv, 20 April, 2016) MIA of Ukraine, Kharkiv, National University of Internal Affairs. Kharkiv 2016. 216 p. (in Ukrainian).
  2. Problemy realizatsii prav i svobod lyudyny i gromadyanyna v Ukraini: Monograph / Edited by N.M. Onishchenko, O.V. Zaichuk. K.: «Vydavnytstvo yurydychna dumka» LLC, 2007. 424 p. (in Ukrainian).
  3. Oliynyk A. Konstytutsiyno-pravovyi mekhanizm zabezpechennya osnovnykh svobod lyudyny i gromadyanyna v Ukraini: Monograph. K. Alerta, KNT, Tsentr navchalnoi literatury, 2008. 472 p. (in Ukrainian).
  4. Nelin O. Human and civil rights and liberties in Ukraine and their protection: textbook. K. VPC «Kyiv University», 2018. Рp. 85—86.
  5. Kampo V. Problemy i perspektivy razvitiya ukrainskoi modeli konstitutsionnoi yustitsii. // Sravnitelnoye kostitutsionnoe obrazovaniye. 2011. № 3(82). Рp. 155—163. (in Russian).
  6. Volynka K. Problemy stanovlennya yedynoho mekhanizmu zabezpechennya prav i svobod osoby // Visnyk Zaporizkoho yurydychnoho instytutu: nauk.-prakt. zb. 2000. № (12). Рp. 38—48. (in Ukrainian).
  7. Todyka Y. Konstitutsiya Ukrainy: problemy teorii i praktiki. Kh.: Fakt, 2000. 333 p. (in Russian).
  8. Nelin O. Ideology of human rights protection during peacetime and armed conflicts (wartime) // Yurydychna Ukraina. 2019. № 5 (197). Рp. 46—51.
  9. Aleksyeyev C. O prave i pravakh cheloveka v zhizni sovremennogo obshchestva // (Reference glossary in human rights: basic concepts and institutions). М., 2006. 468 p. (in Russian).
  10. Voskresenskyi A. Politicheskie sistemy i modeli demokratii na Vostoke. M. Aspect Press, 2007. 190 p. (in Russian).
  11. Batanina I. Problemy demokratizatsii rossyiskogo obshchestva v sovremennoy zapadnoy sotsiologii // Problemy konstitutsionnogo razvitiya Rossii na sovremennom etape: Materialy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii /Edited by S. A. Komarov. Ryazan, 1994. Рp. 188—190. (in Russian).
  12. Medushevskyi A. Konstitutsionnaya retraditsionalizatsiya v Vostochnoy Evrope i Rossii // Sravnitelnoe konstitutsionnoe pravoobrazovanie. 2018. № 1. Рp. 13—32. (in Russian).